As part of the 7th North German Aviation Forum, the Weser Report interviewed Mr. Harald Rossol and Mr. Markus Rossol from b.r.m.. You can read the article on the Weser Report website or here in our blog.
Source: Weser Report / Emre Altug
The 7th North German Aviation Forum kicked off in Bremen on October 6, 2022 with over 120 managers and specialists from the aerospace industry. This important aviation event this year was organized by the Senator for Economics, Labour and Europe in cooperation with the host AVIASPACE BREMEN e.V., among others. The event included discussions on supply chains and unmanned aerial vehicles.
The 7th North German Aviation Forum was opened with a speech by Kristina Vogt, Senator for Economic Affairs, Labor and Europe. She spoke about the high pressures and challenges facing the industry due to the war in Ukraine, the pandemic and supply bottlenecks. However, local production in particular has a lot of potential due to these developments.
In her opening speech, the Senator called aerospace the central innovation cluster of the North. In addition to the well-known industry giants such as Airbus, small and medium-sized companies in particular have been hit hard by the crises.
Mr. Achim Friedl, Chairman of UAV DACH e.V., the largest German-speaking professional association for UAS use in Europe, gave the introductory lecture on the challenges and opportunities of unmanned aviation. In Germany, there are still considerable obstacles to the integration of unmanned aircraft into conventional air traffic. On the one hand, the EU regulations have yet to be implemented and, on the other, research still needs to be carried out.
With its high number of participants at the 7th North German Aviation Forum, it illustrates the importance of sustainable supply chains and the integration of UAS into manned air traffic, as well as the potential of the industry in northern Germany.
Various flight zones have been introduced to make flights clearer and safer. These include a TRA and a TMZ, which must be observed by the pilot.
A temporary restricted area (TRA) is a flight area that is temporarily restricted. Air traffic is temporarily or permanently restricted in this airspace. This is intended to prevent threats to public safety or order. A TRA is often located near military training areas.
Clearance to fly over is then issued by NOTAM. A NOTAM can also change the vertical extent of the flight restriction area.
A transponder mandatory zone (TMZ) is a mandatory transponder zone. The use of a transponder is therefore mandatory in this area. A TMZ is usually located near regional airports, as it protects civil air traffic. A TMZ is visible on the pilot's ICAO chart and also indicates the frequencies in which the pilot must remain.
The clearance of this airspace is not required by air traffic control during the day, as this is controlled airspace E.
Both flight zones are part of air traffic control and the basic training of a pilot. You learn about the TMZ and the TRA during training for a private pilot license (PPL). Flugschule Borkum GmbH offers such training at the Oldenburg-Hatten EDWH airfield, among others.
Harald Rossol, the founder and managing director of b.r.m. IT & Aerospace, is developing methods and approaches for the use of drones in air traffic. Under the term "U-Space", possibilities and opportunities for the use of drones are to be developed and implemented. The Oldenburg-Hatten airfield (EDWH) served as a representative location for a get-together with AVIASPACE Bremen e.V. and other industry experts.
An airplane is great for quick exploration, but what if the runways are unusable? This is exactly where a VTOL comes into play, which is not dependent on it.
A "Vertical Take-Off and Landing", or VTOL for short, describes a flying object that can take off and land vertically, i.e. without a runway. Although this also includes helicopters, it usually refers to aircraft with wings. From a technical point of view, there are two types of propulsion for such hybrids.
Some consist of combined lift and thrust drives that change their flight mode with the help of tilt rotors, for example. Depending on the angle of inclination of the rotors, the flying object can fly like a helicopter or like a normal airplane. In a VTOL jet, only the thrust from the engines is redirected by tilting elements.
In a VTOL with separate lift and thrust drives, for example, there are engines in addition to two fixed rotors. Depending on the flight mode, either the rotors or the engines are used.
A VTOL is often used by the military for places that are difficult to reach, where the ground is not firm or sufficient for a horizontal landing. For the same reason, authorities and organizations with security tasks use this type. They are used for disaster control, public safety and SAR operations.
B.r.m. also benefits from the use of VTOL. In the VTOL-EGM project, the Bremen-based IT service provider is working with OptoPrecision GmbH and the Institute of Environmental Physics at the University of Bremen to develop environmental monitoring using drones. This involves taking measurements in places that are inaccessible to humans. This data is then evaluated to provide information on environmental pollution.
SORA, a process for safety measures, was developed to make the risk assessment of a drone operation safer.
The Specific Operations Risk Assessment, SORA for short, serves as a risk analysis for drone operations. Depending on the type and flight zone of the drone, the risk of the operation is determined in a process. After a complete review, SORA determines which minimum safety requirements the UAS operator must fulfill.
This risk assessment was developed by the international expert committee JARUS. Risk management also includes EASA criteria and serves to minimize risks to people on the ground, other air traffic and critical infrastructure.
The national aviation authority examines the UAS operator's application for an operating license using the risk assessment. The corresponding SORA process then provides for various steps to plan the operation in an orderly and safe manner. However, in order to increase general safety, different rules apply to the respective drone categories.
A basic concept in the SORA process is the robustness concept. This refers to the resistance of the flying object with its maximum limits. This includes the degree of integrity and the degree of reliability with which the UAS operator pursues mitigation. Robustness, i.e. the two factors, is categorized as "low", "medium" and "high". For example, if a UAS operator wants to fly in challenging weather conditions, such as wind speeds of around 9 knots, they must prove that they have familiarized themselves with the weather development.
Although there is no German version of this process to date, the first aviation authorities, such as Lower Saxony and Bremen, have announced the use of similar risk assessments. The Bremen Senator for Economics, Labor and Ports has provided a six-page application for the operating permit and approval.
If you have any questions about SORA, please contact our Senior Aerotechnical Consultant Maximilian Strauß
As part of the AVIASPACE BREMEN e.V. roadshow, Bremen-based IT service provider b.r.m. was able to demonstrate concepts that enable the integration of UAVs and UASs into conventional air traffic, known as U-Space. Together with the development and system service provider OptoPrecision GmbH, further innovative projects are being added to the VTOL-EGM project.
With the establishment of U-Space, an airspace for unmanned flying objects, EASA has created the cornerstone for coordinated civil drone aviation. Means such as iConspicuity will make air traffic safer and open up the market for U-Space service providers.
In the VTOL-EGM project, the companies OptoPrecision GmbH and b.rm. are developing solutions to make environmental monitoring more efficient. These are used for extensive measurements at sources of environmental pollution. Since pollution is present in many places that are difficult or resource-intensive for humans to access, UAS with remote pilots are used.
While OptoPrecision GmbH, with its many years of experience in surveillance, (AI) detection and tracking, takes care of sensor development, drone development and operation, b.r.m. assumes the role of a U-Space service provider. This includes tasks such as network identification, UAS flight approval and geo-sensitization. The Hatten-UAS test site for drone testing has already been used in the VTOL-EGM project and is located at the Oldenburg-Hatten EDWH airfield. The 16-hectare airfield is also perfectly suited as a base of operations thanks to its favorable location. Hatten-UAS can also be used for training and testing.
The commercial use of UAS must take place integratively within the airspace with other manned aircraft participants; there can be no segregation. The temporary closure of different airspaces for a UAS flight is now a thing of the past. Close cooperation between the various stakeholders will ensure that U-Space North Germany is created. The establishment of U-Space Norddeutschland will provide the innovation boost that aviation needs to open up the drone market.
Harald Rossol and Markus Rossol presented the exact procedure for this project in the AviaSpace Roadshow presentation. We would also like to thank all participants for the successful event!
You can find out more about the North German aerospace cluster on the Aviaspace Bremen e.V. website
SAR was developed to avoid having to install huge antennas on every flying object. This invention is particularly useful for smaller UAS.
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an imaging technique that generates 2D and 3D images from radar reflections from the ground. SAR has considerable advantages as it relies on radio instead of visible light. This allows the radar to see through difficult conditions such as haze, clouds and dense forest canopies.
The German Aerospace Center describes how SAR works on a satellite as follows. A single antenna transmits pulses at regular intervals, the echoes of which are received again. Once the echoes have been fully digitized and stored, the data is transmitted to the ground station. This in turn is treated with a complex computing process called "aperture synthesis". This involves arranging the individual virtual antennas and combining them into one large antenna. In this way, the SAR produces the same effect that would be achieved with a long antenna.
There are three different operating modes for sensors that work with X-band. The "Spotlight" mode is suitable for an area measuring 10 kilometers by 10 kilometers with a resolution of 1 to 2 meters. "Stripmap", on the other hand, is suitable for a 30-kilometer-wide strip with a zoom of 3 to 6 meters. The "ScanSAR" can capture a 100 kilometer wide strip with a resolution of 16 meters.
Due to its special technology, it is now standard for earth observation and remote sensing. However, it is mainly used in the military. The combat drones remotely controlled by satellites are made visible on the monitors using this technology, among other things.
However, the SAR can be used not only for military operations with large combat drones, but also for civilian drone types. Due to its small size and low weight, it can be used for many types of drones.
When it comes to energy saving and environmental friendliness, green IT seems to be the best and most proven solution for the time being. This rethink has resulted from rising energy prices and growing environmental awareness. However, even before this time, there were pioneers who were particularly concerned with the topic of energy saving and environmental friendliness.
A data center emits an extreme amount of heat and often has to be cooled with air conditioning systems, for example. The electricity used for this is not only very expensive, but also unsustainable in terms of resources. In addition, the ecological footprint swells and is in turn very harmful to the environment.
In order to minimize and solve these problems, clever minds have developed the Green IT operating concept. In addition, many websites provide helpful tips for optimizing and saving resources. Bremen entrepreneur Harald Rossol was one of the first in Germany to successfully apply green IT. In addition, his company b.r.m. can save around 60% of energy costs without any loss of performance thanks to its certified data center, which also has a positive impact on customers. His hardware and software optimizations have helped him and his company to win a number of awards and a high reputation in the IT industry.
The new operating concept is standard for b.r.m. standard. In addition to numerous other optimizations in the data center, Green IT has proven to be a successful and certified concept. The environmentally friendly and GDPR-compliant data center has been available to b.r.m. customers for years. The waste heat from the data center is used to heat and cool offices.
B.r.m. is a pioneer of green IT, which is consciously and as sustainably as possible committed to energy efficiency, the environment and the conservation of resources.
NAT and PAT technology is used to replace an Internet Protocol address (IP address) with IP data packets. But what exactly is it, how does it work and how secure is this solution?
Network Address Translation (NAT) acts as a translation of an IP address used in one network into another IP address used in a different network. It converts a public IP address into several private IP addresses. Each outgoing connection is read with an IP address and port number. The NAT can then use the specified port number to assign incoming data to a local station. However, this assignment is only valid for a short time.
A distinction is also made between source NAT (SNAT) and destination NAT (DNAT). With a SNAT, the source address is exchanged, which is typical for private Internet access. However, a destination NAT (DNAT) is used to change the destination of an IP packet. The DNAT is usually used to change a public IP of an Internet connection to a private IP address of a server in the private subnet. SNAT and DNAT can be used individually or together for an IP packet.
Port address translation enables several devices in a local area network (LAN) to be mapped to a single public IP address. This technology is therefore an extension of NAT. In this way, many IP addresses are saved. PATs are used in most home networks.
In terms of IT security, there are few security concerns with NAT. As the end devices are hidden behind a router, i.e. in a private network, from the public Internet, the systems cannot be reached from the Internet. A direct Internet connection is only required when the end devices establish a connection. Although this technology cannot replace a fully-fledged firewall or packet filter, the protection is comparable to a rudimentary firewall.
If you have any questions about more detailed information on these techniques, the b.r.m. staff will be happy to help. You can also read more on this website.
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